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City Line (Hebrew: הקו העירוני, Pronounced: ''HaKav HaIroni'') is the name given to a segment of the Green Line that divided the city of Jerusalem from 1948 to 1967. It was 7 km in length, and constituted a temporary boundary line in accordance with Israel's Armistice Agreement with Jordan, which divided the city between East Jerusalem which was part of the Kingdom of Jordan, and West Jerusalem, the capital of the State of Israel. The Old City bordered the City line on the east side, and thus had been part of the "Jordanian Jerusalem". On both sides of the City line fortifications and obstacles were deployed, and different buildings in the city along the line were used as military posts. ==History== In November 30, 1948, after the end of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War in Jerusalem, Moshe Dayan, commander of the Israeli Etzioni Brigade, and Abdullah el-Tell, the Jordanian commander, met in an abandoned house in Musrara neighborhood. The two officers drew a map at the scale of 1:20,000 which oulined the boundaries of the ceasefire in Jerusalem. Dayan drew in a green wax pencil line the positions under Israeli control, and el-Tell outlined in a red pencil the positions under the Jordanian line. The area between the two lines, along with the thickness of pencils that drew the two lines on the map, determined a No man's land along the lines. At the time, it seemed to the parties that it is a temporary ceasefire line, and thus they attached no special significance to the inaccuracies errors resulting from the thickness of the pencils, slight deviations in the drawings, and segments of discontinuous lines. A few months later, in April 1949 during the meetings in Rhodes over the 1949 Armistice Agreements at the end of war, the Dayan and el-Tell map was found to be the only official document indicating the line dividing Jerusalem that was agreed upon both parties. And thus these inaccurate lines that were drawn loosely became a binding international border. The rough map lines had cut across neighborhoods, streets and houses, and were the source of many disputes between the two states. Along the lines, both sides have held positions and fortifications, some in residential and urban public institutions. In the no man's lands landmines were deployed. The entire Old City, the neighborhoods north of it, and the Mount of Olives, all were in the Jordanian territories. The West of the city, as well as the Mount Scopus enclave in the north-east of the city, was within the Israeli territories. The British Government House (Armon HaNetziv) area was a demilitarized zone controlled by the United Nations, and the house itself was determined to be the headquarters for UN observers. Between the two parts of the city was the Mandelbaum Gate. The crossing was managed by Jordanian and Israeli customs, and served primarily diplomats and UN personnel, as well as Christian pilgrims in Christmas. The crossing also oversaw a bi-weekly convoy to the Israeli enclave on Mount Scopus. West Jerusalem neighborhoods along the line where living there was considered dangerous, become Slum neighborhoods populated by indigents and were characterized by poverty and neglect. These included the Shmuel HaNavi neighborhood, Mea Shearim, Musrara, Mamilla, and Yemin Moshe. The city line divided Jerusalem for 19 years, until the Six Day War in June 1967. At noon on June 5, the Jordanians occupied the British Government House from the UN, which marked the beginning of the ground fighting in Jerusalem. The very same day the Israeli Jerusalem Brigade (Brigade 16) captured the British house and the positions to its south. At Dawn on June 6, the second day of the war, the Israeli paratroop forces broke into the city line in the northern part, and then captured the neighborhoods north to the Old City and joined the isolated Mount Scopus. At noon on June 6, the Jerusalem Brigade broke the fences dividing the Abu Tor neighborhood, and the neighborhood conquest completed the encirclement of the Old City. The Old city fell to the IDF in June 7, 1967. Immediately upon the end of the war fences and concrete walls dividing streets and neighborhoods were torn down, the fortifications were dismantled and the mines were removed. The Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem was applied, and the two parts of the city were consolidated under the Israeli Jerusalem Municipality that has made great efforts to obscure and hide the scars of the city line. The City line no longer exists as a political border, but in many ways it continues to exist to this very day and divides the city along ethnic and cultural lines. Nowadays, it is commonly referred as the "Seam line", where the crossing of it is still felt, even in the absence walls and fences. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「City Line (Jerusalem)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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